Applications of Electrochemical and Optical Biosensing Techniques Based on Nanomaterials for Detection of SARS-COV-2 Specific Antibodies: An Update Review

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) caused the burden of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) and spread all of the world. Evaluation of antibodies is the most typical diagnostic method is utilized to detect SARS-COV-2. Quick and high-specific diagnosis of specific antibodies can be the best way to evaluate the vaccine efficiency and decrease the number of the disease. In this study, before discussing the types of biosensors designed for the specific detection of SARS CoV-2 virus in these few years, we have summarized the serological methods in antibody detection and pointed out some of its advantages and disadvantages. In recent decade, biosensors have appeared to complement ELISA and PCR for pathogen detection. In two years ago, Electrochemical, colorimetric and fluorescence biosensors based on various nanomaterials are developed for SARS-COV-2 specific Abs detection with high specificity and sensitivity. This article specifically deals with the detection of specific antibodies of Covid-19 by biosensor methods and it is an update of similar articles. Considering that one of our goals was to investigate new biosensor methods for diagnosis, we tried to select studies related to Covid-19 specific Abs mostly between 2019 and 2021. © 2022 by CEE.

Double chelation of Iron through dimer formation of favipiravir: Density functional theory analysis

This work was performed to examine an idea about full chelation of Iron (Fe) by well-known favipiravir (Fav) as a possible mechanism of action for medication of COVID-19 patients. To this aim, formations of Fe- mediated dimers of Fav were investigated by performing density functional theory (DFT) computations of electronic and structural features for singular and dimer models. The results indicated that the models of dimers were suitable for formation, in which two cis (D1) and trans (D2) models were obtained regarding the configurations of two Fav counterparts towards each other. Energy results indicated that formation of D1 was slightly more favorable than formation of D2. Molecular orbital features affirmed hypothesized interacting sites of Fav for Fe-mediated dimers formations, in which atomic charges and other molecular orbital related representations affirmed such achievements. Moreover, detection of such dimer formation was also possible by monitoring variations of molecular orbitals features. As a consequence, formations of Fe-mediated dimers of Fav could be achievable for possible removal of excess of Fe as a proposed mechanism of action for Fav in medication of COVID-19 patients.

Study of the role of mindfulness intervention based on stress reduction in psychological distress and self-efficacy among the health industry staff during COVID-19 pandemic

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of mindfulness intervention based on stress reduction in psychological distress and self-efficacy of health industry staff in Russia in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The statistical population included 600 physicians and nurses working in COVID-19 wards of hospitals in Moscow. Data were collected using standard questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. According to the results, mindfulness intervention based on stress reduction improved psychological distress and self-efficacy in nurses of the test group, compared to the control group, during the COVID-19 pandemic (P < 0.05). According to the results, mindfulness treatment based on stress reduction reduced three components of psychological distress, stress (F = 24.03, effect size = 0.78, P < 0.001), anxiety (F = 32.12, effect size = 0.69, P = 0.001), and depression (F = 22.31, effect size = 0.72, P = 0.001) while increasing self-efficacy (F = 44.52, effect size = 0.84, P = 0.001). Copyright © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.